DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid)- Structure of DNA

BASIC STRUCTURE OF DNA-Introduction:

You must have heard  about DNA or in the full form Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid which is related to Genes or which encodes the Genetic instructions used in the functioning and development of all known living organisms.
Here is a short introduction of  DNA:
DNA is a nucleic acid, produced in the nucleus, and found in Genes and Chromosomes.DNA acts as a genetic material,because it takes part to transfer the heredity characters from parents to their offspring and from one generation to another.Each DNA molecule is composed of small components, called NUCLEOTIDES.These nucleotides are joined together to form POLYNUCLEOTIDES.

COMPONENTS OF DNA:

As I have told you that a single molecule of DNA is composed of small organic molecules of nucleotides Each nucleotide consists of basic three components:

1. DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR. (5 carbon sugar)
2. PHOSPHORIC ACID.(One phosphate group)
3. ORGANIC BASES.(Nitrogenous basis)

There are 4 different types of Organic basis:

i.Adenine.(A)        ii.Guanine.(G)        iii.Thymine.(T)        iv.Cytosine.(C)

 TYPES OF NUCLEOTIDES:

On the basis of Nitrogen group there are four types of Nucleotides:

i. Adenine Nucleotides.
ii.Guanine Nucleotides.
iii.Thymine Nucleotides.
iv.Cytosine Nucleotides.

Billions of these nucleotides join together to form a single molecule of DNA.These  nucleotides are joined on specific pairs i.e.(A-T, G-C) with one another through phosphoric acid.